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BD and water retention curve SigSolos: 2600 profiles (uneven distr.) special surveys: Bioma, RJ, COMIGO (fertility) Other institutes: SIPAM, IBGE, CPRM? Agrissolos (to include SigSolos)KZKK Latin America (Oberthr) =SOTERLAC (1998) 1:5M ISRIC/EUSB scanned maps Colombia, Nicaragua, Honduras non-conventional sources e.g. Colombia: CENICAF....; DR bananeros good collaboration possible case study DSM Honduras climate @ CIAT (19k stations, interpolated, used in generator); WorldClim; TRMM SRTM 30/90m (srtm.csi.cgiar.org) MODIS NDVIBdZFZZdF>  EU (F. Carre) Vector 1:1M Eurasia (EUSDB) Soil units, 73 attributes (also from PTF) 1:5M Circumpolar groundwater resources (12 states), watersheds Raster PESERA (erosion risk) 1km OC 1km EUSDB (can be provided to users) Corine 25m; 14 rural classes SRTM 90m (void filled) ZZ*Z?ZZwZZ*?w   !EU (2) Profiles DanubeSIS SPADE_M:  most representative profile (146) Forest Focus: lab. incomparability, so BioSOL LUCAS 18km grid (250 000 pts)N R R " EU Member States survey  Soil Resources of Europe various degrees of coverage D: by Land accessibility to JRC or DSMW?6> > g # Asia (v Engelen) N & Central Eurasia 1:5M pseudo-SOTER N Asia 1:1M (same as from EU) Mekong River Basin 1:1m countries exploratory most 1:500k to 1:100k Thailand, Japan, China (fertility) < 1:100k RoK few profile data quality? point data: IRRI accessibility for DSMW ?BfZlZ*Zfl* $ Oceania (McKenzie) NNZ: good coverage, also soil hydrology Islands non-sustainable societies? variable coverages (some USA; PNG) Australia  middling & confused ASRIS: levels (4: 3km; 5: 300m) partial coverages; web interface 180k profiles; 20k with some analysis; 10k chem.; 2k chem.+phys; 300 chem.+phys.+hydrol.T/> /> ( % Africa IRD (France) in former colonies SSEW: holding all BSS colonial work, lots from private consultants SOTER S, NE, Kenya (country) Madagascar (IRD mapping) spectral library &  Discussion  @J. McCarthur: macro-economic analysis needs actual/potential yields, investment opportunities, constraints Provide interpretations (for policy makers), primary data (soil chacteristics), or both? Existing point data have major problems methods, georef., accessbility To map functions we d have to measure them over large areas where this is not available Loss of expertise on existing DB as soil surveyors retire/dieBZZZ 'Discussion (2) Data rescue: in this project? how? used for what? how to check its quality? against SRTM, airborne geophysics? use for stratification, crude field check How to fill voids (no/inaccessible data)? Can we do it without field checks? i.e. by extrapolation, with sufficient accuracy? Higher-level political support to prise open data sources / field access? Web-based delivery helps the institutions that supply the data also XLZMZ ZCM  (Discussion (3)  Business models of soil data overturned by Google Earth? some institutions have no business model public good? if so, supported by public funds Availability of private-sector data IFDC West Africa Variance-reduction of functional properties from SRTM+TM vs. +soil map jZsZ$ZZHZs$H  ) Visit to IRI  COverview of history and activities Their demand for our data Q & A D *DSM Techniques (Minasny) zbasis: scorpan (v soil inference system must adjust for each context to predict properties, functions & their accuracy use of pedotransfer functions (PTF) dynamic soil map ("s/"t) example: AU erosion rates GIS layers for everything, various ways to combine cZOZZZZ N('> +Techniques (2) structure of spatial variation variograms: proportions of variance at different separations; how much can we capture at different resolutions? Question (S. Wood): why is land management not explicitly in the scorpan framework? 6pUpU ,p Functional Capability Classification (S. Ahmed CIESEN)9 17 fertility constraints, 8 texture classes from FCC4 (Snchez et al. 2003) fertility -> functionality to emphasize ecosystem functions added some climate regions input: FAO DSMW, FCC4  taxotransfer mapped: prevelance of condition in map unit H>   -)Soil diagnostic surveillance (K Shepherd)* Evidence-based Dx case definitions, screening test Identifying risk factors from environmental correlates & change detection Quantitative impact assessment`!1!1 .Surveillance (2) criteria for screening tests not  measurement , but  evidence-based interpretation IR spectroscopy; spectral libraries  clinical soil science test on NRCS global soils library; high validation R2 spectral condition index (SCI) for various soil functions spatial sampling schemes:  sentinel sites : unbiased prevelance datanZ7ZZ7p gF /Surveillance (3) Instruments Fourier Transform NIR spectroscopy for reproducible measurements field spectrometers unstable establish a network, support with wet labs High-throughput MIR IR applicationsb #f #f  0Case definitions (Walsh) Example from SOC Africa climate potentials for SOC storage this is the clinical reference in a particular location, relation to this target two-level model w. spatially-structured random effects; solve with ML/REML b#QK#QK  1Data model (McKenzie) $conventional survey data model e.g. ASRIS hierarchical databases, polygon-based, components, areal %, profile no way to iteratively update towards a grid model the soil individual geometry; fixed or variable size (proportional to uncertainty? or show this in another layer?) MDS (as in ASRIS)TZlZZZl% 2Data model (2) representation of uncertainty critical standards measurement methods metadata interoperability Geography Markup Language (GML) expose by WCS `1.1. 3Extrapolation (Lagacherie)  Why? multiscaled soil patterns & covariates; efficient sampling Reference area: detailed (D)SM ... ... then extrapolate successfully applied in France 500 - 2000ha to map 15k - 80k ha extrapolation functions landscape units; soilscape distances how far to extrapolate? Z;ZWZ!ZZ%ZZ;W!% 5Discussion of methodology jone or several? in any case aiming at a defined product... ... with a defined uncertainty hierarchy of desired methods? (Mayr) common validation dataset to compare methods? (Oberthr) analogy with climate, land cover compilations (Levy, Wood) very different data in different areas -- can we use one methdology? or just different variables in the same framework?rZJZZ  k 4Which soil properties to map? [Overview of options Discussion (C Palm) water relations: infiltration, permeability, drainage fertility; group of FCC modifiers? SOC plant-available water capacity particle-size distribution erodibility, or aggregate stability Make explicit the link between these and models & end users (identify these!) Farming systems, land degradation, climateB(ZZyZ(y\ 6End /H89:;<=>?@A B C D E FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU  0` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@$t?dd@ A n?" dd@   @@``PT     `p>>  *(    T?#"  `  6  #" `< _  T Click to edit Master title style! !$  0" "'  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0) "'   ^*0   0. 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