<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R.A. Viscarra_Rossel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fine‐resolution multiscale mapping of clay minerals in Australian soils measured with near infrared spectra</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geophysical Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.agu.org/journals/jf/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Clay minerals are the most reactive inorganic components of soils. They help to&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;determine soil properties and largely govern their behaviors and functions. Clay minerals&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;also play important roles in biogeochemical cycling and interact with the environment&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;to affect geomorphic processes such as weathering, erosion and deposition. This paper&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;provides new spatially explicit clay mineralogy information for Australia that will help to&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;improve our understanding of soils and their role in the functioning of landscapes and&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ecosystems. I measured the abundances of kaolinite, illite and smectite in Australian soils&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Using a model‐tree algorithm, I built rule‐based&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;models for each mineral at two depths (0&amp;ndash;20 cm, 60&amp;ndash;80 cm) as a function of predictors that&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;represent the soil‐forming factors (climate, parent material, relief, vegetation and time),&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;their processes and the scales at which they vary. The results show that climate, parent&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;material and soil type exert the largest influence on the abundance and spatial distribution&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;of the clay minerals; relief and vegetation have more local effects. I digitally mapped&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;each mineral on a 3 arc‐second grid. The maps show the relative abundances and&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;distributions of kaolinite, illite and smectite in Australian soils. Kaolinite occurs in a range&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;of climates but dominates in deeply weathered soils, in soils of higher landscapes and in&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;regions with more rain. Illite is present in varied landscapes and may be representative of&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;colder, more arid climates, but may also be present in warmer and wetter soil&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;environments. Smectite is often an authigenic mineral, formed from the weathering of&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;basalt, but it also occurs on sediments and calcareous substrates. It occurs predominantly&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;in drier climates and in landscapes with low relief. These new clay mineral maps fill a&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;significant gap in the availability of soil mineralogical information. They provide data to&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;for example, assist with research into soil fertility and food production, carbon&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research paper</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">F04023</style></section></record></records></xml>
